2.15: The Consonant Sound [m] |
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2.15: The Consonant Sound [m]
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Spelling [m]
The consonant sound [m] is usually spelled . More than nine times out of ten [m] is spelled this way. Review Underline the letters that spell [m] in the following words: \begin{align*} & \text{crumble} && \text{motionless} && \text{compared} && \text{umbrella}\\ & \text{resemble} && \text{exclaim} && \text{costume} && \text{mortal}\\ & \text{element} && \text{minnow} && \text{meddle} && \text{economics}\\ & \text{handsome} && \text{poem} && \text{diamonds} && \text{chemical}\\ & \text{eminent} && \text{judgment} && \text{smoothest} && \text{enormous} \end{align*} How is [m] spelled in all of these words? ________. Now sort the twenty words into these three groups. One word will be in two groups: Words in which [m] is... at the front of the word at the end of the word in the middle of the word Show Answer \begin{align*} & cru\underline{m}ble && \underline{m}otionless && co\underline{m}pared && u\underline{m}brella \\ & rese\underline{m}ble && exclai\underline{m} && costu\underline{m}e && \underline{m}ortal \\ & ele\underline{m}ent && \underline{m}innow && \underline{m}eddle && econo\underline{m}ics \\ & handso\underline{m}e && poe\underline{m} && dia\underline{m}onds && che\underline{m}ical \\ & e\underline{m}inent && judge\underline{m}ent && s\underline{m}oothest && enor\underline{m}ous \end{align*} How is [m] spelled in all of these words? ‘m’ Words in which [m] is... at the front of the word at the end of the word in the middle of the word motionless handsome crumble diamonds minnow exclaim resemble smoothest meddle poem element umbrella mortal costume eminent economics judgment chemical compared enormous Explore MoreWord Venn. Into circle A put only words that contain [m]. Into circle B put only words that contain [η]. Into circle C put only words that contain [n]. \begin{align*} & \text{anger} && \text{comprehend} && \text{immigrate} && \text{morning}\\ & \text{ankle} && \text{emigrant} && \text{instructing} && \text{nibbling}\\ & \text{avenue} && \text{floating} && \text{island} && \text{poetry}\\ & \text{bubbling} && \text{friendliness} && \text{judgement} && \text{scribble}\\ & \text{bundling} && \text{gamble} && \text{junior} && \text{smoking}\\ & \text{charming} && \text{handsome} && \text{meaning} && \text{summoning}\\ & \text{committing} && \text{humbling} && \text{middle} && \text{suppose}\\ & \text{commotion} && \text{husband} && \text{mining} && \text{your} \end{align*} Almost ninety-nine times out of a hundred the sound [m] will be spelled or . Sometimes twinning can cause [m] to be spelled : swimming = swim + m + ing. When the prefixes in- or sub- assimilate in front of a stem that starts with an , they cause an : immigrant = i n + m + migrant and summon = su b + m + mon. When any element that ends with joins another element that starts with , they cause an through simple addition: roommate = room + mate In cases where the [m] sound has a short vowel right in front of it and another vowel following it, the is necessary to fill out the VCC pattern that shows that the vowel in front of the [m] is short. For instance, if comma were spelled , it would look as if the is long, as it is in the word coma. Examples Words Analysis Cause swimming swim + m + ing Twinning immigrant i n + m + migrant Assimilation roommate room + mate Simple Addition ReviewAnalyze each word to show where the two s come from. Then in the “Cause” column write the cause for the in each word — either “Twinning,” “Assimilation,” or “Simple Addition.” Words Analysis Cause 1. immediate 2. brimming 3. teammate 4. gummy 5. dimmest 6. immortal 7. slammed 8. summon 9. immune10. Words like the twelve below have spellings that are not due to twinning or assimilation or simple addition. In each word, label the vowel right in front of the with a V. Then label the CC, as we have done with comma: \begin{align*}& \text{comma} && \text{dilemma } && \text{dummy} && \text{gimmick} \\ & \ \ \text{VCC} \\ \\ & \text{glimmer} && \text{hammer} && \text{mammal} && \text{mammoth} \\ \\ & \text{mummy} && \text{persimmon} && \text{stammer} && \text{summer}\end{align*} 11. What pattern did you find in all the words? ___________. Is the vowel in front of the always short? ___________ 12. So far you have worked with two spellings of [m]. They are ______ and ______. Show Answer Words Analysis Cause 1. immediate i n + mediate Assimilation 2. brimming brim + m + ing Twinning 3. teammate team+mate Simple Addition 4. gummy gum + m + y Twinning 5. dimmest dim + m + est Twinnest 6. immortal i n + m + mortal Assimilation 7. slammed slam + m + ed Twinning 8. summon su b + m + mon Assimilation 9. immune i n + m + mune Assimilation10. \begin{align*}& \text{comma} && \text{dilemma } && \text{dummy} && \text{gimmick} \\ & \quad \text{vcc} && \quad \text{vcc} && \quad \text{vcc} && \quad \text{vcc} \\ & \text{glimmer} && \text{hammer} && \text{mammal} && \text{mammoth} \\ & \quad \text{vcc} && \quad \text{vcc} && \quad \text{vcc} && \quad \text{vcc} \\ & \text{mummy} && \text{persimmon} && \text{stammer} && \text{summer} \\ & \quad \text{vcc} && \quad \text{vcc} && \quad \text{vcc} && \quad \text{vcc}\end{align*} 11. What pattern did you find in all the words? VCC. Is the vowel in front of the always short? Yes 12. So far you have worked with two spellings of [m]. They are and . Unusual Spellings of [m]: , , andWhen the letter is combined with certain letters, those letters can be silent and the combination can still make the sound [m]. This can happen in the combinations , , and . Note that for , many people hear and/or pronounce the , but dictionaries usually show no [l] sound for the words used in this lesson. ExamplesUnderline the letters that make the [m] sound in each word. column crumb palm ReviewUnderline the letters that make the [m] sound in each word. autumn limb tomb condemn climb hymn numb womb damn solemn comb lamb thumb In the above words, where is the or ? Is it at the beginning, the middle, or the end of each word? _________ Underline the letters that make the [m] sound in each word. embalm alms psalm almond salmon Show AnswerUnderline the letters that make the [m] sound in each word. autumn limb tomb condemn climb hymn numb womb damn solemn comb lamb thumb In the above words, where is the or ? Is it at the beginning, the middle, or the end of each word? at the end Underline the letters that make the [m] sound in each word. embalm alms psalm almond salmon Explore More The six words with in this lesson come from Latin. English Word Latin Source autumn autumnus column columna condemn condemnare damn damnare hymn hymnus solemn solemnis Is the in the beginning, end, or in the middle of the Latin source words? ____________ When you add certain suffixes to these six words so the is in the middle as it is in Latin, you pronounce both the and the , so the is pronounced [mn]. Say each of the following words carefully to see how the is pronounced. Then analyze each of the words into its free stem word and suffix: Words How is pronounced? Stem word + Prefix autumnal [mn] autumn + al columnist condemnation damnable hymnal solemnity All words used in this lesson with come from Latin or Old English words. Fill in the blanks so as to show which modern words came from each of the Latin or Old English originals. Original Words Modern Words with Latin, bombus Old English, climban Old English, comb Old English, cruma Old English, dumb Old English, lamb Old English, lim Old English, niman Old English, thuma Latin, tumba Old English, wamb Sort the eleven English words from the table above into these three groups. Words that come from ... a Latin word with an an Old English word with an an Old English word with no Just as with , sometimes you can hear the in if you add a suffix to the word so that the doesn't come right at the end. Put these words together and see how the is pronounced in the longer word you make. Stem word + suffix = New Word How is pronounced in the new word? bomb + ard = crumb + le = The word thumb is related to the word thimble. In thimble how is the pronounced? ________ Below are the Old English or Latin words that the six words with come from. See if you can figure out which of the six came from each of the original words listed below, and fill in the blanks. As a reminder, the six used were salmon, balm/embalm, psalm, almond, palm, and alms. Original Words Modern Words with Latin, balsamum Latin, psalmus Latin, salmo Latin, amandula Latin, palma Old English, ælmesse Now sort the six modern words into these two groups. Modern words with ... in the original word no in the original word Show Answer The six words with in this lesson come from Latin. English Word Latin Source autumn autumnus column columna condemn condemnare damn damnare hymn hymnus solemn solemnis Is the in the beginning, end, or in the middle of the Latin source words? in the middle When you add certain suffixes to these six words so the is in the middle as it is in Latin, you pronounce both the and the , so the is pronounced [mn]. Say each of the following words carefully to see how the is pronounced. Then analyze each of the words into its free stem word and suffix: Words How is pronounced? Free Stem + suffix autumnal [mn] autumn + al columnist [mn] column + ist condemnation [mn] condemn + ation damnable [mn] damn + able hymnal [mn] hymn + al solemnity [mn] solemn + ity All words used in this lesson with come from Latin or Old English words. Fill in the blanks so as to show which modern words came from each of the Latin or Old English originals. Original Words Modern Words with Latin, bombus bomb Old English, climban climb Old English, comb comb Old English, cruma crumb Old English, dumb dumb Old English, lamb lamb Old English, lim limb Old English, niman numb Old English, thuma thumb Latin, tumba tomb Old English, wamb womb Sort the eleven English words from the table above into these three groups. Words that come from ... a Latin word with an an Old English word with an an Old English word with no bomb climb crumb tomb comb limb dumb numb lamb thumb womb Just as with , sometimes you can hear the in if you add a suffix to the word so that the doesn't come right at the end. Put these words together and see how the is pronounced in the longer word you make. Stem word + suffix = New Word How is pronounced in the new word? bomb + ard = bombard [mb] crumb + le = crumble [mb] The word thumb is related to the word thimble. In thimble how is the pronounced? [mb] Below are the Old English or Latin words that the six words with come from. See if you can figure out which of the six came from each of the original words listed below, and fill in the blanks. As a reminder, the six used were salmon, balm/embalm, psalm, almond, palm, and alms. Original Words Modern Words with Latin, balsamum balm Latin, psalmus psalm Latin, salmo salmon Latin, amandula almond Latin, palma palm Old English, ælmesse alms Now sort the six modern words into these two groups. Modern words with ... in the original word no in the original word psalm balm salmon almond palm alms
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